Analysis of recurring issues at the award enforcement stage in Spain
Spain is one of the most experienced countries in investment arbitration in the world. First, many Spanish-based companies have launched arbitration proceedings against other states under investment treaties to which Spain is a party (especially against Latin American countries). Secondly, Spain has been sued under the same treaties at least 52 times, particularly after a series of regulatory changes passed by the Spanish government affecting its renewable energy sector since 2010. At the time of writing, at least 25 investment awards and decisions have been rendered in cases against Spain.
Enforcement of Investment Treaty Arbitration Awards. A Global Guide, Second Edition, 2021.